The Womens Rights Movement free essay sample

The beginning of the fight for women’s suffrage in the United States grew out of a larger women’s rights movement. The reform evolved in the 19th century emphasized a large spectrum of goals before focusing on securing the franchise for women. Women’s rights movements are concerned with making political, social and economic status of women equal to men and establish safeguards against discrimination. Just like any movement there were enemies, but in this case the enemy was not a foreign citizens or different cultures but the enemy was men. Early before 1849 the idea of a women’s rights movement came to the United States and many women decided to take a stand and they stood up against the men of the country to fight for their rights as American Citizens. In 1789, when the United States constitution went into effect only 60% of American citizens could vote. Those voters were wealthy white men that held a large sum of land. We will write a custom essay sample on The Womens Rights Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Many white men and most African Americans, Native Americans, and women were excluded† (WB 4). During this time women were not considered equal as citizens and were not given the equal rights they deserved. At the time of this segregated suffrage the idea of women’s suffrage leaders came about. Women’s suffrage leaders would often disagreed about the tactics for their reform efforts and could never agree on how to start the movement. Ultimately, the suffrage movement provided political training for some of the early women pioneers in Congress, â€Å"but its internal divisions foreshadowed the persistent disagreements among women in Congress and among women’s rights activists after the passage of the 19th Amendment† (History, Art Archives). The idea of leaders and women’s rights conventions were only the beginning for the head strong women of the 19th century. In the United States the first definitive position on womens rights was taken in 1848 under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the Womens Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, N. Y. A social visit brought together Mott, Stanton, Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt. They began to plan their convention. The time had come, Stanton argued, for womens wrongs to be laid before the public, and women themselves must shoulder the responsibility. Before the afternoon was out, the women decided on a call for a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman† (Seneca Falls). Around 100 people attended this convention in Seneca, 2/3’s being women and the other 1/3 we men. At the convention The Declaration of Sentiments was presented. The Declaration was modeled after the Declaration of Independence beginning with â€Å"We both hold truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.. † (WB 14). But in the Declaration of Sentiments they added that â€Å"all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights.. † (WB 14). Elizabeth Stanton got the job of creating this Declaration, she added eleven resolutions, making the argument that women had a natural right to equality in all spheres. â€Å"The ninth resolution held forth the radical assertion that it was the duty of women to secure for themselves the right to vote† (Seneca Falls). Some people believed that Stanton was foolish for attempting to gain so man equal rights for women but it did not stop them try to pass the Declaration. Before leaving the convention one hundred women and men signed the Seneca Falls Declaration. The Seneca Falls convention only marked the start of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States. All the women that attended the convention were not only concerned with the subject of voting but also improving women’s status in society. Women would march along the streets of their home towns caring banners and signs and â€Å"addressed social and institutional barriers that limited women’s rights; including family responsibilities, a lack of educational and economic opportunities, and the absence of a voice in political debates† (History, Art Archives). They pressed for a whole range of reforms including marriage and property rights. The women’s rights campaigners remained involved in the abolition movement and supported the Union side during the American Civil War (1861-1865). They welcomed constitutional amendments that ended slavery throughout the United States in 1865 and that gave slaves citizenship in 1868. Although the women were thrilled about the end of slavery they also so craved the idea of the end of women’s suffrage to be amended into the constitution. â€Å"In 1869 Elizabeth Stanton and American social reformer Susan B. Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association to work for a women’s suffrage amendment to the Constitution† (KB 156). The NWSA, which was based in New York, relied on its statewide network but also drew recruits from around the nation, largely on the basis of the extensive speaking circuit of Stanton and Anthony. â€Å"Neither group attracted broad support from women, or persuaded male politicians or voters to adopt its cause† (History, Art Archives). The turning point for women’s suffrage came in the late 1880s and early 1890s, during the election of Carrie Chapman Catt, when the nation experienced a surge of volunteerism among middle class women, activists in progressive causes, members of women’s clubs and professional societies, temperance advocates, and participants in local civic and charity organizations. With the help of all of the volunteers the women of the United States got the whole country talking about equality and women’s suffrage. During this time the United States was expanding westward and quickly becoming industrialized. â€Å"Immigrants were pouring into American cities. More girls and women were attending American schools and colleges than ever before† (WB 22). But still life for women during this time was difficult and women could still not vote. All throughout the world women’s suffrage started to come to an end. In 1893 New Zealand granted women the right to vote, in 1908 women were gained the right to vote in Australia. The women in the United States knew about these great steps for women in other countries and began to become jealous. Four States had enfranchised women in the 1890’: Wyoming in 1890, Colorado in 1893, Idaho and Utah in 1896. Despite the huge efforts by suffragists, no political progress was made until 1910. â€Å"Between 1910 and 1914, the NAWSA intensified its lobbying efforts and additional states extended the franchise to women: Washington, California, Arizona, Kansas, and Oregon† (History, Art Archives). In Illinois Ruth Hanna McCormick helped lead the fight for suffrage as a lobbyist in Springfield, when the state legislature granted women the right to vote in 1913; this marked the first such victory for women in a state east of the Mississippi River. One year later Montana would grant women the right to vote. Although all of the progress with in states was helping women defend their cause the United States Government still had not passed a law. In 1913, Alice Paul, a young Quaker activist who had experience in the English suffrage movement, formed the rival Congressional Union. Her group freely adopted the more militant tactics of its English counterparts, picketing and conducting mass rallies and marches to raise public awareness and support. â€Å"Embracing a more confrontational style, Paul drew a younger generation of women to her movement, helped resuscitate the push for a federal equal rights amendment, and relentlessly attacked the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson for obstructing the extension of the vote to women† (Scholastic). By the war outbreak it was easier for women to become international. There was faster transportation and communication systems that made it easier for women around the world to voice their opinion and share ideas. But still the most effect system was public speaking events. By 1916, The National Women’s Suffrage Association had 200,000 members and we granted voting rights in 11 states. But working for suffrage state by state was slow and demoralizing and took a lot out of the suffrage leaders. This is when Catt informed suffrage leaders that they needed to change their tactics so the suffrage leaders launched her â€Å"Winning Plan†. The â€Å"Winning Plan† strategy called for disciplined and relentless efforts to achieve state referenda on the vote, especially in non-Western states. â€Å"Key victories—the first in the South and East—followed in 1917 when Arkansas and New York granted partial and full voting rights, respectively† (History Art Archives). Catt launched a coordinated political campaign, and her winning plan worked. Under Catts dynamic leadership, NAWSA won the backing of the House and Senate, as well as state support for the amendments ratification. In 1917, New York passed a state woman suffrage referendum, and by 1918, President Woodrow Wilson was finally converted to the cause. The nineteenth amendment was â€Å"Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote† (National Archives). Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle. The victory took decades of agitation and protest. Beginning in the mid-19th century, with several generations of woman suffrage supporters lecturing, writing, marching, lobbying, and practicing civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. And only a few early supporters lived to see the day. Although women in the United States finally won their victory they still were faced with many problems down the road. The suffrage movement created higher expectations for women. By the early twentieth century, women were able to attend college and to train for professions, although not in the same numbers as men. They began to enter male dominated professions like law, medicine, clergy and corporate. The Womens Suffrage movement allowed for women to secure their place in society and take a closer step to complete equality amongst the people of America. The fight for Women’s suffrage was a tough fight but the women of that time held strong and fought for what they believed was right.

Short Term Marketing Projects Essays

Short Term Marketing Projects Essays Short Term Marketing Projects Essay Short Term Marketing Projects Essay In small companies and resource-strapped non-profits, CEOs and executive directors are sometimes overwhelmed by the number of tasks that need to be done in a limited time period with limited resources. In these instances, it is often extremely cost effective to hire someone on a short-term basis who can take on and quickly complete specific projects, without needing a lot of direction and start-up time. Doing so frees the CEO to focus on sales and other revenue-generating activities. SCOPE OF SERVICES New Venture Networks project work generally focuses on the areas of research, marketing and operations. For past clients, we have: set up operations and infrastructure, helped with the research and writing of business and marketing plans, written initial marketing and Website collateral, developed work processes and policies, written job descriptions and want ads, assisted with initial business development and account management, connected companies to a wide variety of resources and contacts, done research projects on mulitple topics. CASE STUDIES Recently, a small PR and marketing firm, engaged in a study for a government agency, hired us to develop the research questionnaires to be used in the stdy, help them identify and select the sample to be interviewed, and advise them on the analysis of the data collected. This research is now in process and the government agency is happy with how the project is progressing. Another client, an e-learning company, hired us to do a research project identifying portal sites in the knowledge management area. We compiled such a list and then used these sites to research and monitor upcoming events of interest to our client. We also investigated and then helped the CEO obtain speaking engagements at some of these events. One client was starting a company providing research and customer relationship management services using an outsourced labor force located in India. She needed to focus on business development and asked us to help with a wide variety of tasks so she could concentrate on her primary focus of building the business. Over a period of 5 months, New Venture Network helped her with strategic and business planning, wrote marketing collateral and website content, introduced her to some of our contacts as potential clients, developed work processes, and worked with both the companys American clients and the employees in India who were performing the work. A marketing and PR firm was putting on a conference for one of their clients and was having a hard time obtaining CD-ROM and video materials needed for the conference. Because they were short-staffed and didnt have anyone who had the time to work on this project, which had a very tight deadline, they hired us to find and collect these materials. New Venture Network found companies that had such materials and convinced them to send these materials to our client. Our client used them for their trade show, which was deemed a success by their client. Short Term Projects At Marketing Eye we realise not all businesses need the same marketing solution. Businesses can also hire our Senior Marketing Manager for short-term projects, which include: Lead Generation Brand Building Marketing Strategy Communication Strategy Public Relations Website Development Corporate Videos Advertising Campaigns Newsletters MARKETING CONSULTANT LOGISTICS EVENT MANAGEMENT COMPANIES Eg: Red Orange Events Evolution Events LLC

Ruthenium or Ru Element Facts

Ruthenium or Ru Element Facts Ruthenium or Ru is a hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal that also belongs to the noble metals and platinum metals group in the periodic table. While it does not readily tarnish, the pure element can form a reactive oxide that can explode. Here are physical and chemical properties and other ruthenium facts: Element Name: Ruthenium Symbol: Ru Atomic Number: 44 Atomic Weight: 101.07 Uses of Ruthenium Ruthenium is one of the best hardeners for addition to palladium or platinum. It is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts with extreme wear resistance.Ruthenium is used to plate other metals. Thermal decomposition or electrodeposition are the most common metals used to make ruthenium coatings.One ruthenium-molybdenum alloy is superconductive at 10.6 K.Adding 0.1% ruthenium to titanium improves its corrosion resistance by a factor of a hundred.Ruthenium oxides are versatile catalysts.Ruthenium is used in some pen nibs. (Dont chew on your pen!) Interesting Ruthenium Facts Ruthenium was the last of the platinum group metals to be discovered.The element name comes from the Latin word  Ã¢â‚¬ËœRuthenia’. Ruthenia means Russia, which refers to the Ural Mountains of Russia, the original source of the platinum metal group ores.Ruthenium compounds are similar to those formed by the element cadmium. Like cadmium, ruthenium is toxic to humans. It is believed to be a carcinogen. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)  is considered particularly dangerous.Ruthenium compounds stain or discolor skin.Ruthenium is the only group 8 element that does not have 2 electrons in its outer shell.The pure element is susceptible to attack by halogens and hydroxides. It is not affected by acids, water, or air.Karl K. Klaus was the first to isolate ruthenium as a pure element. This was an involved process in which he first prepared the salt,  ammonium chlororuthenate, (NH4)2RuCl6, and then isolated the metal from it in order to characterize it.Ruthenium displays a wide range of oxidation states (7 or 8), although it is most commonly found in the II, III, and IV states. Pure ruthenium costs around $1400 per 100 grams of the metal.The element abundance in the Earths crust is estimated to be 1 part per billion by weight. The abundance in the solar system is believed to be about 5 parts per billion by weight. Sources of Ruthenium Ruthenium occurs with other members of the platinum group of metals in the Ural mountains and in North and South America. It is also found in the Sudbury, Ontario nickel-mining region and in the pyroxenite deposits of South Africa. Ruthenium may also be extracted from radioactive waste. A complex process is used to isolate ruthenium. The final step is hydrogen reduction of ammonium ruthenium chloride to yields a powder that is consolidated by powder metallurgy or argon-arc welding. Element Classification: Transition Metal Discovery: Karl Klaus 1844 (Russia),  however, Jà ¶ns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann  discovered impure ruthenium in 1827 or 1828 Density (g/cc): 12.41 Melting Point (K): 2583 Boiling Point (K): 4173 Appearance: silvery-gray, extremely brittle metal Atomic Radius (pm): 134 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.3 Covalent Radius (pm): 125 Ionic Radius: 67 (4e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.238 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (25.5) Pauling Negativity Number: 2.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 710.3 Oxidation States: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -2 Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d7 5s1 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.700 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.584 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

How Will You Measure Your Life Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Will You Measure Your Life - Case Study Example The unsurpassed tactic is balances linking comprising a purposeful, emergent or flexible strategy. Despite the fact that people will always possess deliberate strategies, possessing resources and ability to change the tactics is crucial. If the ideas used are about to be overtaken in the market, a person can always change to fit in the competitive environment. Best business entails giving to the customers what they need. In the case of allocating what is not needed by the customers leads to loss. This happens because the customers will not purchase what they do not require. Resources must be allocated where they are in demand. Smaller, feebler, but more pioneering competitors begin markets and finally dislocate and fully go beyond their entrants. In life, we cannot stay to obtain all the information before undertaking a decision. People can replicate their lives off by meditating on the causes and consequences. A number of organizations value short term over long term payouts. Â  Giving more value to the things which have immediate rewards compared to those whose fruits will be achieved later can be extremely damaging. How people utilize energy, time, talent and wealth will be determined by the decision made on how to put the resources into action. Abandoning personal correlations in the events may result into irreversible, detrimental effects. Good capital is devoting in stuffs most probable to proffer an optimistic return, or as a minimum let a person to have residual assets in order to revolve. In life situation, getting fixated on short term income is very easy. Failure to invest in crucial things such as family and friendship early enough, realizing their importance can take time. In industry, corporations can make colossal errors by impeding taking action against a troublesome competitor, or scaling up. Despite the fact that

Identify an organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Identify an organisation - Essay Example As a result, ExxonMobil has benefit from suitable competitive advantages, in addition to market leadership. ExxonMobil is organized on a geographical level besides having an effective leadership and focus on the firm’s objectives. The organization of ExxonMobil is dependent on business services and geographical location. The firm has functional groups that are categorized into three crucial operating divisions. The three groups are the upstream, downstream and chemicals division (Coll, 2012). The upstream management level or division of the firm dominates the firm’s cash flow. This division accounts for 70 percent of ExxonMobil’s revenues. The upstream division is responsible for business activities such as oil exploration, extraction, shipping and wholesaling. These operations have their headquarters at Texas. The downstream operations oversee business activities such as marketing, refining and retailing. These operations are dependent on the firm’s Virgi nia operations. The chemical division oversees business activities that involve the production and use of chemicals in the operations of the firm. This division has its headquarters in Texas. ExxonMobil has over 82,000 employees located in different locations globally. These employees support the activities of the three organizational levels by ensuring that the organization achieves stability in operations. It is worth stating that ExxonMobil has different brands such as Exxon, Esso and Mobil. The firm also owns subsidiaries such as Imperial Oil Limited and SeaRiver Maritime (Coll, 2012). ExxonMobil’s upstream division has operations such as â€Å"ExxonMobil Upstream Ventures, ExxonMobil Exploration Company, ExxonMobil Development Company, ExxonMobil Production Company, ExxonMobil Gas and Power Marketing Company and ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company† (ExxonMobil, 2013). Downstream operations are achieved by the activities of â€Å"Sea River Maritime, Lubricant & S pecialties Marketing Company, ExxonMobil Refining and Supply Company, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, ExxonMobil Fuels and International Marine Transportation† (ExxonMobil, 2013). Operations of the chemical division are achieved through the activities of ExxonMobil Chemical Company. Flat or Tall Organization According to the organizational structure used by ExxonMobil, and the firm’s website, ExxonMobil is a flat organization. This means that the firm provides effective communication and interactive platforms (Bhairaw & Manoj, 2012). At ExxonMobil, every employee, regardless of level, status or job description can approach anyone at the firm and ask questions or share perspectives. ExxonMobil has an informative atmosphere. The flat organizational structure is based on ExxonMobil’s hierarchical structure. This structure was important because it helped the group access one of the firm’s representatives. The representative helped in filling out t he survey form. Tall organizational structures rely on traditional corporate structures that have mid-base and upper management levels. Tall organizational structures feature complex hierarchies that lead to long management chains (Bhairaw & Manoj, 2012). As the organization expands, the management levels increase. Managers form numerous ranks that control reduced numbers of employees or areas of the organization. Flat organizational structures have minimum management levels

A Template for Structural Analysis of an Industry Essay Example for Free

A Template for Structural Analysis of an Industry Essay Corporate Strategy and Policy A Template for Structural Analysis of an Industry You can use the following template for analyzing the structure of an industry. It requires you to rate the attractiveness of an industry on a 5-point scale for several factors relating to each of the five forces in Porter’s (1980) model. (A 7-point or a 10-point scale would perhaps be even better in that it would allow finer discrimination between two businesses with different levels of attractiveness. But the 5-point scale is relatively much easier to use. To help you in the ratings, the template provides the anchors at the two ends of the scale for each factor with examples of industries corresponding to the anchors. You will note that we have included separate sections in the template for exit barriers and government. The former contributes to rivalry among competitors (and is, therefore, not a sixth force). The latter, according to some, should be treated as the sixth force, although Porter says the effect of government on an industry is felt through one or more of the five forces. If you want, you can attach different weights to different forces and also to different factors within each force. If an industry has different segments that are structurally different, you can separately analyze the attractiveness of each segment. You can also analyze the changes in industry structure by using the template at two different points of time (for instance, today and five years from now) to obtain greater insight into likely opportunities and threats that you can expect from the industry environment. To reduce the element of subjectivity, you can get the attractiveness evaluated by several colleagues and arrive at average scores. Even the weights of different factors and forces could be based on the opinion of your colleagues and you could attach greater weight to the opinion of colleagues with greater expertise. Use your creativity to benefit from this tool. You can use the remarks column to annotate your ratings. For instance, consider the first factor in Table 1 (number of competitors).

The Greatest Motivational Factor in My Life Essay example -- Motivatio

Motivation is the process by which one is moved, whether the process is external or internal. It encourages one to do something or not to do something. It can bring about positive change or a negative reaction depending on the situation. Many things affect motivation such as, the environment, your family background, schools, the government, and many other stimuli. Probably the greatest motivational factor in my life is my mother. She has always encouraged me to complete my education, many times when I did not want to. I remember once when I was going to drop out of college, she nearly threatened me with bodily harm if I didn’t finish. Of course, I can’t say that I blame her, I only had one year left. I am extremely glad that she did. I have always had the notion that I had to please everyone else when I was growing up. In elementary school, I had to always do good because my older brothers and sisters were good. Naturally I had to behave as well. I come from a large family. My parents had 15 children! Everyone one of us graduated from high school as well as worked on a farm. When I attended school, all I ever heard was that your brother or sister did well with this subject so you will naturally do as well. Sometimes this was good motivation and sometimes it was not a good tactic to use. There was always one good thing going for the Jacobs family, which was the fact that all of us liked math in school and it was real easy. It is no wonder we had straight A’s i...